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 Introduction to Accounting |
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Meaning, Functions and Sub fields of Accounting |
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Accounting Cycle |
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Accounting Principles- Concepts & Conventions |
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Accounting Equation |
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Types of Accounts |
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Rules of Debit & Credit |
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Accounting Process |
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Analyzing transactions |
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Recording transactions |
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Posting to ledger |
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Balancing the accounts |
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Preparing Trial Balance |
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Finalization of Accounts |
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Rectifying the erroneous entries |
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Journalizing adjustment entries |
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Preparing Adjusted Trial Balance |
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Passing the closing or transfer entries |
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Preparing financial statements |
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Financial Statements Analysis-I |
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Categorization of ratios |
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Various types of ratios including Liquidity Ratios, Solvency Ratios, Structure Ratios, Leverage Ratios, and Coverage Ratios |
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Significance of these ratios |
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Financial Statements Analysis-II |
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Various other types of ratios including Profitability Ratios, Expense Ratios, Turnover Ratios, and Market Sensitivity Ratios |
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Decomposition of ROA and ROE with DuPont Analysis |
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Limitations of ratio analysis |
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Reconciliation of Books |
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What is Bank Reconciliation? |
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Reasons for reconciling the books |
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Procedure or steps for reconciliation |
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Petty Cash Accounting |
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Petty cash and its purpose |
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Writing petty cash book |
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Types of petty cash book |
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Control over petty cash |
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Inventory Accounting |
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The basics of inventory |
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Inventory accounting systems |
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Inventory valuation methods |
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Accounting for inventory |
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Inventory and its impact on financial statements |
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Long-Lived Assets – The capitalization Decision |
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Effects of capitalizing versus expensing on net income |
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Shareholders equity |
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Cash flow from operations |
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Financial ratios |
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Intangible assets |
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Including software development costs |
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Research and development costs |
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Depreciation Accounting |
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The basic concepts of depreciation |
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The methods of depreciation |
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Accounting for depreciation |
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Depreciation and its impact on cash flow and income tax |
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Analysis of Financing Liabilities |
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Effects of debt insurance |
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Amotorization of bond discounts |
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Premiums on financial accounts and financial ratios |
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Effects on financial statements and financial ratios |
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Debt security with debt features |
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Effect of issuing debt with equity features |
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Disclosures relating to financial liabilities |
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Effects of changing the interest rates |
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Accounting treatment |
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Implications of debt covenants for creditors |
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Leases and Off-Balance –Sheet Debt |
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Incentives for leasing assets |
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Contrast the effects of capital and operating leases on financial statements |
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Ratios of lessees and lessors |
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Types of off-balance-sheet financing and analyze their effects on selected financial ratios |
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Distinguish between sales type leases and direct financing leases and explain the effects of these types of leases on the financial statements of lessors |
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Analysis of Income Taxes |
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Objectives |
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Income Tax Accounting |
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Method of Accounting for Deferred Taxes |
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Financial Statement Analysis and Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities |
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Pretax and Taxable Income |
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Computation of Income Tax and Deferred Taxes |
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Tax Rate Changes |
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Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation |
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Analysis and Disclosures |
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Financial Reporting Standard |
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Objective of Financial Statements |
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Importance of reporting standards in security analysis and valuation |
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Explain the role of standard-setting bodies |
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IFRS framework |
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General requirements for financial statements |
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Discuss the importance of monitoring developments in financial reporting standards |
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Evaluate company disclosures of significant accounting policies |
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International Standards Convergence |
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Identify and explain the major international accounting standards |
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Identify and explain the major international accounting standards for major revenue and expense categories on the income statement |
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Identify and explain the major differences between international and U.S GAAP accounting standards |
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Interpret the effect of differences between international and U.S GAAP accounting standards on the balance sheet, income statement and statement of changes in equity for some commonly used financial ratios |
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